Metal Stamping Knowledge Guide:

This is the knowledge about metal stamping collected by HULK Metal. The content here includes the introduction of metal stamping, the types of metal stamping, its advantages and disadvantages, the raw materials that can be processed by metal stamping, how the factory performs metal stamping production, and so on. Please feel free to contact us if you need other content related to metal stamping or need to manufacture metal stamping parts.

l Metal Stamping Means:

l Types of Metal Stamping:

    I According to the Type of Metal Stamping Process:

    I According to the Temperature of the Blank During Metal Stamping:

    I According to the Complexity of the Die Structure:

l Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal Stamping:

    I Advantages of Metal Stamping:

    I Disadvantages of Metal Stamping:

l Raw Materials that can be Processed by Metal Stamping:

    I Hot-Rolled Steel:

    I Cold-Rolled Steel:

    I Stainless Steel:

    I Copper and Copper Alloys:

    I Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys:

    I Titanium Alloy:

l Application of Metal Stamping Parts:

l Detailed Introduction of Metal Stamping Process:

    I Metal Stamping Separation Process:

    I Metal Stamping Forming process:

Metal Stamping Means:

Metal stamping is a metal fabrication process. It is a forming processing method in which we use presses and molds to apply external forces to sheets, strips, pipes, and profiles to cause plastic deformation or separation and to obtain metal stamping parts of the desired shape and size. Both metal stamping and forging belong to plastic processing (also called pressure processing), collectively called forging. The blanks for metal stamping are mainly hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets and strips.

Types of Metal Stamping Process:

The common types of metal stamping process classification methods are the process type, the temperature of the blank, and the structure of the die. We will introduce these classification methods below.

1. According to the Type of Metal Stamping Process:

There are two main types of metal stamping processes, one is the process of separating stamping parts and blanks (also called punching), and the other is the forming process of making blanks plastically deformed to form stamping parts.

(1) Separation Process (blanking):

it is to separate the stamping part. And the blank along a specific contour line during the metal stamping process, and the section meets specific quality requirements;

Blanking, punching, edge trimming, tongue cutting, and sectioning are commonly used in the separation process (punching).

Both the punch and the die of the blanking die have sharp edges, and there is a gap between the punch and the die to ensure that the cut is neat and has less burr.

The blanking and punching processes are the same, but they all separate the scrap from the metal stamping. But their metal stamping parts are different:

When blanking, the detached part is the metal stamping part, and the remaining periphery is waste;

Punching is to obtain holes, the punched sheet is metal stamping parts, and the separated region is a waste.

(2) Forming Process:

Under the condition of not destroying the metal stamping blank, use bending, rounding, twisting, deep drawing, thinning, and deep drawing, flanging (hole flanging, outer edge flanging), shrinking and flaring, ups, and downs, crimping, expanding, spinning, shaping, leveling, embossing, extrusion (forward extrusion, reverse extrusion, composite extrusion) and other processes to make it plastically deformed into a specific shape, size and metal stamping parts with mechanical properties.

Bending is the use of bending dies to bend blanks into metal stampings of different shapes. It is divided into bending and curling.

Deep drawing is to use a deep drawing die to make a blank into a cylindrical metal stamping.

In addition to the above two distinct processes, other molding processes are developed from the combination of these two processes.

2. According to the Temperature of the Blank During Metal Stamping:

(1) Cold Metal Stamping:

refers to manufacturing metal stamping parts from blanks at room temperature. metal stamping parts with small thicknesses are produced by cold metal stamping.

Advantages and disadvantages of cold metal stamping:

Advantages:

1. No need to heat,

2. No scale,

3. Good surface quality,

4. Easy to operate and low cost.

Disadvantages:

1. There is a phenomenon of work hardening, which will cause the metal to lose its ability to deform in severe cases.

2. In most cases, cold metal stamping needs to use metal stamping oil to improve the process.

3. The blank's thickness must be uniform, the fluctuation range must be small, and the surface must be smooth and free of spots, scratches, etc.

(2) Hot Metal Stamping:

is a metal stamping method in which metal is heated to a specific temperature range.

Advantages of Hot metal stamping:

1. To eliminate internal stress and avoid work hardening,

2. Increase the plasticity of the material,

3. Reduce deformation resistance,

4. Reduce the power consumption of the equipment.

3. Divide According to the Complexity of the Die Structure:

Die is a tool that separates or deforms the blank. It consists of an upper die and a lower die. The die handle of the upper die is fixed on the slide block of the punch press and moves up and down with the slide block. The lower die is then set on the workbench of the punch press. According to the complexity of the die structure, we can divide metal stamping into three types: simple metal stamping, continuous metal stamping, and composite metal stamping.

(1) Simple Metal Stamping:

It is a process that only completes one process (one of the blanking or forming processes) in one stroke of the punching machine. The die used in simple metal stamping is called a simple die. We generally use simple metal stamping to produce metal stamping parts with relatively simple processes.

(2) Continuous Metal Stamping:

It means that in one stroke of the punching machine, the metal stamping parts are constantly moving on the mold and complete multiple processes such as punching, bending, forming, and deep drawing during the moving process. The die owned by continuous metal stamping is called a constant die. The production efficiency is very high.

(3) Composite Metal Stamping:

It is to complete several metal stamping processes simultaneously on the same part of the mold. The position of the metal stamping part on the mold remains the same, but the shape will undergo plastic deformation as the combined mold is combined. When the mold is thoroughly closed, the metal stamping parts have completed the punching, bending, deep drawing, and other processes. When the mold is opened, a metal stamping part is produced. The composite mold is suitable for metal stamping parts with large output and high precision.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal Stamping:

metal stamping is a kind of metal fabrication process that has incomparable advantages over casting and forging. We can use metal stamping to create stamping parts with ribs, ribs, undulations, or flanges. The above-mentioned stamping parts have a rigidity that is difficult for metal fittings produced by other manufacturing processes. The precision of metal stamping parts made by the precision metal stamping process can reach the micron level. Cold metal stampings generally do not require or only require a small amount of cutting and can be used directly. The precision and surface condition of hot metal stamping parts are lower than those of cold metal stamping parts but still better than castings and forgings, and the cutting amount is less.

Advantages of Metal Stamping:

(1) The production efficiency of metal stamping processing is high, the operation is convenient, and it is easy to realize mechanization and automation. Because metal stamping relies on dies and metal stamping equipment to complete the processing, the number of strokes of ordinary presses can reach dozens of times per minute, and high-speed pressure can reach hundreds or even thousands of times per minute. One stroke possibly gets a metal stamping part.

(2) During metal stamping, the mold ensures the size and shape accuracy of the metal stamping parts and generally does not damage the surface quality of the metal stamping parts, and the life of the mold is generally longer. So the metal stamping quality is stable, the interchangeability is good, and it has "the same" Characteristics.

(3) metal stamping can process parts with a large size range and complex shapes, such as the second hand of a clock, as large as a car stringer, a cover, etc., plus the cold deformation and hardening effect of the material during metal stamping, the strength of metal stamping and The stiffness are high.

(4) metal stamping generally does not generate chips and scraps, consumes less material, and does not require other heating equipment, so it is a material-saving and energy-saving processing method, and the cost of metal stamping parts is low.

Disadvantages of Metal Stamping:

1. Mold Problem:

Mold manufacturing has high precision, long cycle time, large investment, and many unpredictability problems. It requires high experience of mold technicians and is a technology-intensive product. Therefore, only when the production batch of the product is large, the metal stamping processing method will be considered.

2. Security Issues:

There are also some safety-related issues in metal stamping processing, which is also one of the characteristics of the industry, determined by production equipment and processing methods. The production process needs to be equipped with better safety protection measures.

3. Material Issues:

The development and research of high-strength steel forming in the cold state is a director of international efforts. At present, the research in the field of hot forming technology and equipment technology at home and abroad is relatively mature, but the research on cold forming is almost blank.

4. Environmental Pollution Issues:

Materials for Metal Stamping Processing:

The metal stamping material's quality is an important factor affecting the quality and mold life of the part. At present, stamping materials are not only low-carbon steels but also stainless steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy, copper and copper alloy, titanium alloy, etc. Generally, the carbon content is < 0.25%, and the material of the tensile strength is less than 650N/mm². The quality of the surface and internal performance of the metal stamping plate has a great impact. The requirements for metal stamping materials are:

①The thickness of the sheet needs to be accurate and uniform. 

The specific thickness needs to be determined according to the requirements of metal stamping parts. If the thickness of the sheet is too large, it will increase the deformation force, cause the material to jam, and even swell the die; if the sheet is too thin, it will affect the quality of the finished product and even crack during deep drawing,

②Smooth surface, no spots, scars, scratches, or surface cracks, because all surface defects will remain on the surface of the finished metal stamping. 

Crack defects in sheet metal may extend deep and wide during bending, deep drawing, forming, and other processes, resulting in waste products.

③ Uniform yield strength, no obvious directionality. 

Anisotropy (during the metal stamping process of plastically deformed sheet metal, such as deep drawing, flanging, and bulging, due to the occurrence of anisotropic yielding successively, the amount of plastic deformation is inconsistent, which will cause uneven deformation and inaccurate forming to cause defective or scrap).

④ High uniform elongation. 

In the tensile test, the elongation before the sample begins to appear thin neck is called uniform elongation. During deep drawing, the deformation of any area of the sheet cannot exceed the uniform extension of the material. Otherwise, uneven deformation will occur.

⑤ Low yield ratio. 

The ratio of the yield limit to the strength limit of a material is called the yield ratio. A low yield ratio can not only reduce the deformation resistance but also reduce the tendency of wrinkling during deep drawing, reduce the amount of spring back after bending, and improve the precision of bending parts.

⑥ Low work hardening. 

The work hardening after cold deformation will increase the deformation resistance of the material and make it difficult to continue deformation, so the plate with a low hardening index is generally used. However, materials with a high hardening index have good plastic deformation stability (the plastic deformation is relatively uniform), and localized cracking is not easy to occur.

In actual production, technological tests similar to the metal stamping process are commonly used, such as deep drawing performance tests, bulging performance tests, and so on. to test the metal stamping performance of materials to ensure the quality of finished products and a high pass rate.

Hot-Rolled Steel:

SPHC, SPHD, and SPHE are three commonly used hot-rolled steel grades for metal stamping (0.1% - 0.15% carbon content) grades, and the stretchability is stronger from left to right.

Cold-Rolled Steel:

SPCC, SPCD, and SPCE are three commonly used cold-rolled steel grades for metal stamping (0.08% - 0.12% carbon content) grades, and the stretchability is stronger from left to right.

Both of the above are low-carbon steels.

Stainless Steel: 

The metal stamping performance of ferritic stainless steel is close to that of cold-rolled steel plate. In the production process of this stainless steel plate, the texture structure can also be obtained by hot rolling, cold rolling, and annealing so that the r value can reach about 1.2~1.8, so it has good drawing performance. However, its hardening index is about 0.2, and its elongation is about 0.25~0.3, which are lower than those of austenitic stainless steel, so its elongation metal stamping performance is poor. Stainless steel metal stamping parts are very common in life.

Copper and Copper Alloys:

Copper and copper alloys can be divided into two categories according to their manufacturing methods: stretched copper (stretched copper) and cast materials; the representative characteristics of copper and copper alloys are as follows:

(1) Good thermal conductivity and good electrical conductivity:

(2) Good machinability;

(3) Non-magnetic;

(4) Embrittlement does not occur at low temperatures;

(5) Corrosion resistance;

(6) good elasticity;

(7) The color tone is beautiful and easy to be tinned;

Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys:

Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials can be divided into two categories: stretched materials and cast materials according to their manufacturing and forming processes. There are also differences between heat-treated alloys and non-heat-treated alloys in stretched materials, mainly because of the different methods of controlling the strength of the materials. Non-heat treatment alloys control the strength of the material by adjusting the degree of cold working. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of cold working, the higher the strength of the material. Heat treatment alloys are obtained by heat treatment methods such as quenching and aging treatment to obtain the required strength. metal stamping parts of aluminum and aluminum alloy have the following characteristics

(1) Beautiful appearance

(2) High strength-to-weight ratio

(3) Excellent processability

(4) Good comprehensiveness

(5) Corrosion resistance

(6) Low-temperature characteristics

(7) Good electrical conductivity

(8) Good thermal conductivity

(9) Good reflectivity

(10) Non-magnetic

(11) Non-toxic

(12) Recycling

Titanium Alloy:

It is mainly used in a large-scale equipment, aircraft, ships, satellites, and other scenes that require low weight and high strength. The processing technology is difficult and expensive. Therefore, special metal stamping oil must be used to improve the process level when metal stamping titanium alloys.

Application of Metal Stamping Parts:

metal stamping parts can be seen everywhere in life. Some of the parts of the transportation we take, some of the metal tableware used, and some of the brackets and links are stamping parts. In addition to daily life, metal stamping parts are also used in aerospace, military industry, and machine. If you want to know more about metal stamping parts or need to use the metal stamping process to make some metal stamping parts contact us. We can provide you with excellent metal stamping services.

Detailed Introduction of Metal Stamping Process:

The following content is a detailed introduction to the metal stamping process:

Metal Stamping Separation Process:

(blanking)

It is a basic metal stamping process that uses a blanking die to separate materials. It can be directly made into flat parts or prepare semi-finished products for other metal stamping processes such as bending, deep drawing, forming, etc., and can be cut and repaired on formed metal stamping parts. In actual production, about 55% of metal stamping parts need to be punched.

Knowledge Extension:

Precision Metal Stamping:

Precision metal stamping (also called precision blanking) belongs to chipless metal processing technology and is a metal stamping method developed based on simple metal stamping technology. It can obtain high-quality precision metal stamping parts with higher dimensional accuracy than ordinary metal stamping parts, smooth punching surface, small warpage, and good interchangeability in one metal stamping stroke, and improve product quality at a lower cost.

Metal Stamping Forming process:

Bending:

Metal plates, pipes, and profiles are bent into plastic forming methods of a certain angle, curvature, and shape. Bending is one of the main processes in the production of metal stamping parts. The curved metal material is essentially a bullet plastic deformation process. If the production process is relatively backward, the phenomenon of metal stamping parts may occur (elastic recovery and deformation of the curved position). This problem can be avoided if the workers are skilled and the equipment is well-equipped for production.

Stretching:

It is the processing method of the hollow metal stamping parts made by using the mold to process the metal plates that are processed by punching. We can use the pull-up process to make the punching material into cylindrical, step-shaped, cone, spherical, box-shaped, and other irregular thin-walled metal stamping parts. If you cooperate with other metal stamping and forming processes, you can also create more complicated parts. Various deep metal stamping parts can be divided into straight wall rotation (cylindrical parts), straight wall non-rotating body (box shape), curved rotation (curved shape parts), and curved non-rotating body, etc. Four types.

Metal Stretch Forming:

It is to apply tension to the sheet through the pull shape die to produce uneven tensile stress and tensile strain on the sheet. The sheet will gradually expand along the die-fitting surface to fully fit the die-forming face. The metal stretch forming stamping process is mainly used to manufacture hyperbolic metal stamping parts with certain plasticity, large surface area, slow curvature change, smooth surface, and high quality (accurate shape, smooth streamline, stable quality). Because Metal Stretch Forming is relatively simple, the cost and equipment used are relatively low and flexible; but the material utilization rate and productivity are low.

Metal Spin Forming:

It is a metal rotary processing technology. There are two main movement modes. The first is that the billet rotates actively with the spinning die, and the second is that the spinning head actively rotates around the blank and the spinning die. The spinning head makes a feed movement relative to the mandrel and the blank so that the blank produces continuous local deformation to obtain the required hollow rotary metal stamping parts.

Metal Shaping:

It is to use the designated mold to carry out secondary trimming on the shape of the product. It is mainly for pressing planes and flipping feet. Shaping is mainly to prevent the elasticity of some materials from being able to guarantee one-time molding and to meet customer requirements through reprocessing.

Metal Bulge Forming:

It is a processing method that uses a mold to stretch and thin the local surface of the sheet and increase the area to obtain metal stamping parts. Our commonly used processes include undulating forming, bulging of cylindrical (or tubular) blanks, and stretching of flat blanks. The methods of bulge forming mainly include rigid mold bulging, rubber bulging, and hydraulic bulging.

Metal Flanging:

It is a plastic processing method that bends the edge material at a specific position of the thin plate into a vertical edge along a curve or a straight line.

Metal flanging is mainly used to strengthen the edge of metal stamping parts, remove trimming, make metal stamping parts and other parts to assemble or connect parts, make three-dimensional metal stamping parts with complex special shapes and reasonable space, and Increase the stiffness of the part. Metal flanging can also be used as a means of controlling cracking or wrinkling when some large sheet metals are formed, so it is widely used in the production of metal stamping parts in industries such as automobiles, aviation, aerospace, electronics, and household appliances.

Metal Shrink:

It is a metal stamping method that reduces the diameter of the open end of a stretched flangeless hollow part or tube blank. The diameter of the end of the workpiece before and after shrinking should not change too much. Otherwise, the material at the end will wrinkle due to severe compression deformation. Therefore, shrinking the neck from a larger diameter to a smaller diameter often requires multiple shrinkages.

Summarize:

The above is the production process of common metal stamping parts. HULK Metal has accumulated 20 years of experience in the production of metal stamping parts and has established a professional service team that can provide a full range of services, such as technical support, production, procurement, packaging design, quality inspection, freight consultation, and after-sales. After 20 years of development, we have become a well-known manufacturer of metal stamping parts in China. We have provided metal stamping services for more than 20 industries, such as automobile manufacturing, furniture manufacturing, home appliance manufacturing, transportation, and machinery manufacturing. In metal stamping parts, you can find products that you want to be our OEM. These pictures are all collected from the Internet. We will sign a confidentiality agreement with you and will not disclose any of your information without your permission.

If you have an order for metal stamping parts, you can contact us at any time. We provide round-the-clock service and formulate complete production solutions according to the drawings and requirements you provide. We hope to make it easier for you to buy higher-quality metal stamping parts at HULK Metal through our comprehensive services.